Baku In Azerbaijan: Pollution Levels

capital of Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan Pollution LevelsImagine that you be paseo down the channel and see no liaison b arly st ones, ruins, fissures on the republic its dark and you compensate do not see what is happening near you be earn of fog and soot, you look for to get something attractive, you want to see b neglect ocean and white oceangulls e trulywhere it, save again, you see nothing but the cruel reality and the saddest thing is that you realize there is nowhere to run to escape this.. It is our do primary(prenominal) of a function this is what happened with the major(ip) planet as a result of military man action at rectitude. You wish you could desert not beca implement of yourself, but beca utilization of your children, you do not want them to grow up in such purlieu, you realize that theyll never see the things you saw green trees, blue skies, pure urine. They bequeath not to a lower placestand what the fresh nimbus fuddleds, they ordain hardly believ e in story close fish in the ocean, birds in the sky. But, maybe you will not as yet wish to vex known them what you saw, beca intake you be sure they will probably ask So what happened, why ein truththing turned to be so bad, who is guilty? And it will be touchy to explain them that these argon batch pay back destroyed their own lives.We in all argon living on one planet, Who will only it for our children, for saucily generation if we dont?Azerbaijan has the reputation of being an environmental disaster zone. Many scientists look Apsheron Peninsula, where 50% of Azerbaijanis live, to be the most bionomicly deva terra firmad ara in the world because of severe air, pissing and spetroleum defilement.The objective of this musical theme is to present a brief review related to the pollution in Azerbaijan, in peculiar(a) in capital of Azerbaijan and Sumgait cities, historical learning of cover colour color sector and geographic expedition of inunct and fellate de posits in the country and its influence on environmental federal agency, news report of urine, air and ground pollution in Azerbaijan.To achieve the proposed objective, the set-back chapter of the paper presents the country profile and crude sector development archives as rise as present production situation. The second chapter covers issues of business relationship of pollution in capital of Azerbaijan and the related factors contributed to that as industrial development, decades of wishing of sustainable environmental policy. Divided into subchapters it gives more than(prenominal) comprehensive detailed abbreviation of environmental concerns in Azerbaijan.At the end of this document, a brief decision about this topic is presented as rise up as the bibliographical cums employ to prep be the respective presentation and paper on the subject of history of environment.CHAPTER 1. COUNTRY PROFILE AND OIL HISTORYGeographical location of Azerbaijan.Azerbaijan is a lower mi ddle-income country with a gross national income per capita of $1,240 in 2005. filth of the state of Azerbaijan is 86,6 thousand squ atomic number 18 kilometres. Azerbaijan has common boundaries with Iran in the south on the perimeter 765 km, with Turkey 15 km, with Russia in the north 390 km, with Armenia in the western hemisphere coke7 km. The length of the coastal line is 713 km. Azerbaijanis situated in the eastern character of the South Caucasus on the Caspian ocean shore and covers an area of 86.6 thousand km2. big(p) of Azerbaijan is Baku city.General facts on the country.Population of the Republic of Azerbaijan 8 one million million and 593 thousand people (for 01.01.2007). The mount-composition of the existence comprises the following age-classes people of 0-14 age of age make up 26% of the population, 15-64 years-67%, 65 and above-for 7%. Young people of 18-34 years of age make up 29% of the population with the one-half of them living in big cities.Country Sta tistical Profile2006*Population, nitty-gritty (millions)8.48Population offset ( one-year %)1.10 spirit expectancy at birth, female (years)75.20 animation expectancy at birth, male (years)69.60GDP (current US$) (billions)19.85GDP growth (annual %)34.50GNI, Atlas regularity (current US$) (billions)15.64Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)8.30Foreign enjoin investiture, net inflows (% of GDP)-2.94 metre required to start a business ( daytimes)52.00Internet users (per 100 people)9.77 extension www.world.bank.orgAzerbaijan is rich in tapral resources, mainly embrocate color and natural gas but as well as in iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite. The country also has sylvan earthly concern and a strong-educated labour force with a satisfying entrepreneurial tradition. De s give noticedalise the countrys natural resources, poverty continues to pose a major challenge for Azerbaijan. In 2005 29% of the population lived in poverty and 8% in extreme poverty.Azerbaijan has had high scotch growth in 2006 and 2007 that was referable to large and outgrowth crude exports. The embrocate and gas sector contributes rough 1/3 of GDP, while agriculture contributes about 9%. The moving GDP growth of the outgoing five years with an average annual growth rate of 12% was led mainly by oil and gas production. cover production is expected to peak in 2011 and slouch thereafter in the absence of major new discoveries.Azerbaijan shares all the fusss of the motive Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its keen-sighted-term prospects. some(prenominal) early(a) obstacles slow down Azerbaijans economic progress the need for stepped up foreign enthronement in the non-energy sector, the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, permeant corruption, and elevated inflation. Trade with Russia and the new(prenominal)(a) former Soviet republics is declining, while clientele is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects will depend on world oil prices, the location of new oil and gas pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijans might to manage its energy wealth.1.3. History of anoint boom in Azerbaijan education on oil production in Azerbaijan was repeatedly mentioned in the manuscripts of scientists and inciteers in the Middle Ages and it was noted that such an uncommon product would generate a fundamental income.Arabian historian Masudi Abdul Huseyn (9th century) mentioned in his manuscripts that there were two main sources of Black oil and white oil (kerosene) on ApsheronMarco Polo (13-14th century) wrote in his travel notes that Apsheron peninsula was dotted with oil wells and the oil extracted used for lighting and for alter purposes.Engelbert Kaempfer (15th century) oil was transported via wineskins on four-wheeled carts to Shamakhi and Baku. From Shamakhi it is interpreted crossways country on camels . From Baku it is taken by sea to early(a) regionsTurkish traveler Ortakoy (17th century) The area around Baku has a burning ground. The ground is ardent from the burning open fire beneath it.Early views of Baku and first boring methodsEarly oil extraction methods were very primitive mainly eliminate dug wells drilled to very shallow depths (2-3 meters). Overall In 1813, 136 wells were drilled in Absheron which produced total volume of just now 64 barrels of oil per day. In 1825, oil was produced on the Absheron peninsular in all suborns of Baku. But it should be stressed out that more than of earlyish oil production was wasted in blowout gushers and this was a very uneconomical and environmentally harmful process. Workers were dying because of the gushers. The strong gushers were flooding the houses in the nearest villages. Oil from wells was lost for nothing because of oil gushers.In 1844 in Baku, more than a decade earlier than the oil well in Pennsylvania (USA, 1859), V . Semyonov, the Baku excavation engineer, drilled a well 21 m deep using primitive percussion method in the settlement of Bibi-Heybat near Baku. This is considered the showtime detail of industrial oil extraction in Azerbaijan and in the whole world. The first oil refinery was built in 1859 in Baku.In 1878 the first oil pipeline in the world was constructed between oil playing areas in Balakhany and the oil refinery in Baku. The length of pipeline was 12 km. 1896-1906 the construction of Baku-Batumi (atomic number 31) pipeline carrying 900 thousand piles of oil per year. The Nobel Br separates were major contributors to oil transport, who built the worlds first oil carrying steamship, named Zoroaster in 1878 and constructed the first rail tanks for transporting oil in 1883 from Baku to Astrakhan (Russia).By 1900, Azerbaijan was producing more than ten million tons of oil each(prenominal) year which was more than half of the worlds oil supply. Oil boom also influenced on the other sectors and Azerbaijan benefited from the expertise of well known chemists and geologists from the whole world such as the Russian chemist D. Mendeleyev, creator of the periodic table of chemical elements. As a result, innovative new techniques such as rotary oil production and gas lift were tested for the first time in Azerbaijan.The Nobel Brothers oil wells in Bakus suburbOil boom fall in had very negative affect as well, particularly on ecological situation in Azerbaijan oil wells in the vicinity of Baku were pumping oil into reservoir lakes. The ecological disaster started 100 years ago unflustered plagues the region.1.4. Current oil production in Azerbaijan.The oil and gas industries are the basis of the economy of Azerbaijan. Since World War II, the republic not tho fully proposed itself with oil and oil products but also supplied the majority of oil and oil products to other republics of the former Soviet Union. Azerbaijans sharp economic slump in the first half of the 1990s has reversed and the economy has been growing since 1996. After gaining independence in1992 Azerbaijan started to attract badly needed foreign investment into the country. The implementation of the 20 production-sharing arrangements Contracts (requiring $60 billion investment) that overhear been concluded so far is an integral part of Azerbaijans oil dodge. Azerbaijans oil production littleend with 1997, but has registered an increase both year since. Oil production under the first of the Contracts, with the Azerbaijan supranational Operating Company, began in November 1997. A consortium of westward oil companies began pumping 1 million barrels a day from a large shoreward field in early 2006, through a $4 billion pipeline it built from Baku to Turkeys port of Ceyhan. By 2010 revenues from this project will double the countrys current GDP. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline was officially opened in July 13, 2006 and now transports crude oil 1,760 km (1,094 miles ) from the Azer-Chiraq-Guneshli oil field (Baku suburb) in the Caspian ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. It is the second longest oil pipeline in the world (the longest being the Druzhba from Russia to central Europe).According to subject Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan Republic, the current oil production is the followingOil production934,700 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil using up160,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil exports795,600 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil imports3,924 bbl/day (2004)Oil proved reserves7 billion bbl (17 April 2007 est.) first www.azstat.orgCHAPTER 2. environmental CONDITIONS2.1. History of pollution in Baku and SumgaitIn environmental terms, the long history of oil exploration (supplemented during the Soviet days by the petrochemical exertion) has left-hand(a) the country with a massive legacy of oil and other chemical pollution, both land-based and offshore. Environmental deterioration is widespread in Azerbaijan. The country faces legion(predicate) problems related t o air and water quality, land and biodiversity, lowering levels of the Caspian Sea, outdated and polluting industries, and oil field spills. The Government recognizes the need to address environmental problems to sustain economic development and a poverty reduction effort besides much remains to be done to improve the countrys environment, particularly in urban areas. ( Baku onshore oil fields. Oil workers work in 24hour shifts.) mavinting from Soviet time economic development of Azerbaijan is tough mainly in the coastal areas on the Absheron Peninsula, between the contaminated sections of Bakus districts and the industrial city of Sumgait. These cities were considered the most flaw cities in Soviet Union. Azerbaijan was producing oil not only for itself but also to the all Soviet union Republic and decades of lack of sustainable environmental policy and unsustainable oil production starting from Soviet time till now, left behind huge wastelands with stand up oil ponds and se verely contaminated soil. industrial development and mobile sources of fuel combustion have released high concentrations of heavy metals and other cyanogenic and unstable elements into air, land and water. As a result, urban areas, such as Baku and Sumgait, became classic examples of environmental hot spots.This pool on the edge of townsfolk is evidence of the oil pollution in Baku.The transition period (after feed of Soviet Union) economic output has declined dramatically and industrial and agricultural decline reduced air pollution, industrial water discharges and pollution from agrochemicals. But starting from 1996 the economy began to grow up in a rapid way. In common with other newly independent states, Azerbaijan is an urbanized society (urban population around 55% of the total). The Absheron Peninsula, with Baku and Sumgait, accounts for 50% of the countrys population and is a home office to more than 80 big, 370 medium-sized, and 2000 small industrial enterprises. The u psurge of foreign investment in the oil and gas sector since 1996 has save underlined the economic ascendance of the coastal area and the Absheron Peninsula in particular. Vehicles emissions significantly change magnitude over the defy decade (because of high economic growth) and became a leading source of ungoverned air-pollution. Baku-Ceyhan pipeline will also contribute to air pollution because of increased oil production and lack of attention to modernization of oil pains from environmental prudence perspective.Currently, Azerbaijan achievedRigs outside the Baku city spunk, near Ramanasignificant progress in updating its environmental legislation, build partnership with international agencies and organizations addressing environmental issues, work on capacity development, etc., but the accumulation of toxic industrial waste, waste metals, pesticides residues, and oil pollution represents substantial and unresolved environmental problems.Government of Azerbaijan with the support of international experts developed the field Environment achievement Plan identifying four priority categories for Azerbaijanpollution from industrial production oil exploration and production energy transport other sourcesCaspian SeaForestry, land an biodiversityInstitutional developmentAccording to Caspian Envoriment Program, the major polluting industrial sectors identified in the Caspian Region are the followingArea/CountryIndustrial SectorsSumgait/Azerbaijan post PlantsPetrochemical applicationInorganic Chemical IndustryOrganic Chemical IndustryBaku/AzerbaijanPower PlantsRefineriesOil Gas ExploitationMetal whole caboodleShipyardsHarboursAbsheron Peninsula/AzerbaijanBreweriesMeat ProcessingOil Gas ExploitationNorthern AzerbaijanBeverages harvest-home veg ProcessingSouthern AzerbaijanFish ProcessingFruit Vegetable processingSource http//www.caspianenvironment.org/new pose/index.htmFor more comprehensive understanding of the environmental concerns in Baku, I will proceed with more detailed analysis on water, air and ground pollution in the following sub-chapters.2.2. weewee Pollution.2.2.1. handiness of water resources.Azerbaijan has limited water resources- only 30% of river flow resources are make within the country Apsheron Peninsula is one of the least water resources per capita and per unit area. Azerbaijan is almost entirely depends on Kur-Araz river washstand originates in north-astern Turkey, passes through Georgia and flows into the Caspian Sea in Azerbaijan. The water is used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes, and for hydro violence generation and recreation. The problems in the basin are related to both quantity and quality of water. Water shortage is acute because rainfall declines sharply from west to east across the basin. Drought periods in the basin are very common.Other rivers formed from rain and snow start in mountains very often do not have permanent river beds. Undergrounds water resources make u p about 25% of the river flow and have potential for future use, but before long provide only 5% of water abstraction. Piped deglutition water reaches 50-95% of the urban population and to some estimates, practiced drunkenness water is available to slight tan 50% of urban residents.Baku and Sumgayit, and about 75 other cities receive centralized water supply. Norm of quotidian water consumption for Baku citizen is about 400-580 litres that is very high in comparison with other countries but the water is undrinkable (recommended to drink only after boiled) and provided in accordance with time schedule.Pollution of water resourcesWater quality is one of the major environmental concerns. place and underground water are polluted by untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off. Kur-Araz river basin is heavily polluted by neighbouring countries- Georgia and Armenia about 40,000 tons of nutrients released each year before crossing the Azerbaijan m antiqua ted. As an example, on the Azerbaijan side of the border with Georgia in 1992-1994, average annual concentrations of phenols and oil products exceeded existing water quality standards by about 14 and 3 times respectively. Surface water and groundwater are polluted from a) oil spillage, linkage from pipelines, storage tanks, resulting in contamination of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals b)pesticides from agriculture c)factory wastes dumped into rivers salinization of the water due to the Caspian sea water intrusion(raise of level of Caspian sea). Government estimates that 80% of country population uses water from Kur-Araz river basin for drinking purposes that does not meet Azerbaijanis drinking water standards even after water interference. usewater management and Policy measures/ Institutional responsibilitiesDuring the Soviet Union period, large volumes of effluents were discharged into receiving water bodies on the territory of Azerbaijan. twain domestic and industrial w astewater has been discharged into nearby reservoirs without proper treatment, if any. active Baku wastewater network, in operation for 100 years, does not have the capacity today for adequate and safe operations. Total wastewater collect in Baku is reported to be 1,3 -1,4 million m3/day. 30,000 m3/day of untreated municipal wastewater is discharged into the Caspian Sea. However only 50% of roll up wastewater undergoes treatment and more that 40% of the housing districts not connected. Thus, this work up should be 10 times higher. In addition, of more that 40 oil industrial companies operating in Baku and Sumgait, treatment facilities in only 7 are considered to be functioning reasonably well and, as a result, untreated wastewater form oil fields and other polluting industries is mixed with municipal wastewater.The following measures have bee taken by the administration to address the water pollution concernAdoption of Water jurisprudence 1998 honor on water supply and waste w ater 2000 effectuality on amelioration and irrigation 1996Law on environmental shelter -1999Gaps to be make headway addressed neglect of national water protection strategyintegration of river basin management cuddle rather that administrative units approachlack of institutional capacity of Ministry of ecology and subject area Resources and other state bodiesAir PollutionIndustrialization and urbanization over 30 the past 35 years have resulted in significant deterioration of ambient air quality in urban areas. Currently, the major pollution in Baku and Sumgait is from motor vehicles oil and gas industries chemical steel and power plants and small and medium-size enterprises. According to data, 96% of the atmospheric pollution emissions are strong in 5 main cities of Azerbaijan with the most of air emission in Baku.2.3.1. Sources and trends of air pollutionMobile sources. Currently, transport is considered to be the main source of air pollution, responsible for increase in N Ox, organic chemical, and CO emissions. Historically, the counterbalance of emissions from transport in Azerbaijan was 30-40%. Because of economic raise number of vehicles is steadily increasing, but the problem is increase in numbers of scurvyly maintained old vehicles using low-quality fuel. more than 90% of all vehicles are more than 5- years old (foreign models, mostly used cars), and the average age of vehicles is around 15 years.In addition, system of vehicles inspection for checking vehicles emissions (qualified staff, technical equipment lack of finance honor salary of inspectors) is very poor. Heavy commerce bad road conditions lack of bypasses in most cities also contribute to increased vehicle emissions. nonmoving Sources. Currently the primary source of atmospheric pollution fromStationary sources are the release of associated gases by power plants, burning of untreated garbage oil refineries, and factories in Sumgait. In Baku, emission of industrial pollutant unrel ated to oil industry is relatively small with exception of releases of chlorofluorides from air conditioners refrigeration industries and cement production.Source www.azstat.orgAir Pollution Trends in Air Quality. In general, the ambient air quality in Azerbaijan has improved in recent years as a consequence of the sharp decrease in air emissions from stationary sources. However, urban air pollution remains a matter of on-going concern. Air quality data in Azerbaijan is collected by the observe department of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. According to official data, the air pollution emissions peaked in 1991 2,1 million tons and is declining since that time (about 0,4 mln 0,2 mln tons) . In spite of lowered total emissions, air pollution is still perceived as critical. Annual air concentration level of soot in Baku is 3-5 times higher (depending on the source of information) that World Health judicature standards (60-90 g/m3). Current and projected economic grow ths will further cause unsustainable deterioration of urban air quality because of lack of monitoring and visualize equipmentAir Pollution Policy measures/ Institutional responsibilitiesThe following measures have bee taken by the government to address the air pollution concernLaw on Environmental protections 1999Law on Air Protection 2001National programmes on adjustment of standards form GOST to WHO international standardsLaw on Hydromethereological activity 1998 (hydrometehrological measurements and environmental monitoring).Ratification by Azerbaijan UN Framework crowd on humor change in 1995 and Kyoto Protocol to the Convention in 2000 and Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1996Gaps to be further addressedLack of institutional capacity of Ministry of Ecology and National Resources and other state bodies on adjustment to international standardsLack trained of staffbudget limitationspoo r monitoringsymbolic penalties for violators, poor engine roomLack of National Strategy addressing air pollution with concrete measures assign2.4. Ground Pollution self-colored Industrial and Hazardous WastesDuring the Soviet period mostly heavy and chemical industry, including gas and oil, ferrous, chemical, machinery, as well as food and light industries-produced high volumes of solid industrial and doubtful wastes. At present, oil production, chemical and mineral resources extraction and processing, power plants, and hospitals are the major generators of solid and hazardous wastes. Particularly acute is the problem of the management of waste accumulated over decades of environmentally unsustainable development, as well as of newly accumulated waste. Known hazardous waste disposal sites are overloaded and not adequately sealed. There are no monetary or institutional mechanisms to properly arrange for new sites. Solid pollution directly affects human heath via groundwater pollu tion, food contamination through vegetables and other crops grown in urban and per-urban areas.Soil pollution. As it was mentioned above, Azerbaijan signed an intellect with approximately 30 oil companies from 15 countries requiring that oil exploration and bore should be according to international environmental standards, that are not carry out in most cases and oil- selecting products are found both on legal and illegal dump sites with no protection. Unfortunately during soviet time, most of the industrial activities have focused in Sumgait and Baku that( view from top of the center of Baku to Bail) resulted that exactly that are become most polluted. Baku area- Apsheron Penninsula soil is known for having them most acute oil degradation with more that 10,000 hectares of land heavily contaminated. Copper, lead and zinc mines are the main sources of heavy-metal soil pollution. marque plants produce dust containing 15-30% zinc, 3-5% lead, 0,1% cadmium.1In some areas of Baku ave rage concentrations of zinc in soils are up to 50-60 times the acceptable levels. piano tuneractive waste. The issues of hot waste are related to oil drilling and processing operations. Radio nuclides of natural Radium and atomic number 90 that are present in rocks and gases are brought to the surface when water is pumped into the pipes to maintain steady flow. Thats why the radioactive contamination is focused near the oil fields. But there are also other sources of radioactive wastes research and medical institution concentrated mainly in capital Baku. Though there is the special insulate facility IZOTOP located 37 km from Baku for radioactive waste, statistical data for groundwater in Baku give the following figures Radium 226, Thorium 228.2Municipal waste. Obviously, population growths in Baku and urbanization have resulted in increased generation of municipal waste. Solid municipal waste contains up to 35% food waste 20-40% paper 3-5% wood 4-5% textile fabrics 4-5% candy breakage 1-2% metals and up to 10% polymeric satisfyings, though the share of paper and polymeric materials has been increasing.3In most European countries waste judicial separation and cycle in applied but in Azerbaijan no waste separation and recycling is used about 2% of waste burnt 1,5% processed, and the left are disposed at municipal waste landfills that are overloaded and do not meet minimum health and environmental requirements. absence seizure of environmentally controlled landfills leads toRisk of soil and groundwater contamination with heavy metals, toxicsRisk of spreading of products containing heavy metals and toxicsPlaces for stray dogs, insects, rats, spreading infectionsSmoke from burning wastes polluting the air2.4.2. Solid Waste Policy measures/ Institutional responsibilitiesThe following measures have bee taken by the government to address the solid waste issuesLaw on Industrial and Municipal waste in 1998Hazardous Waste Management histrionics es tablished in 2003National strategy on Hazardous Waste Management Agency (with WB support)Training programmes for national staff on radioactive waste management and computerized registry of radioactive materials by International Atomic Energy Agency upgrade of IZOTOP facilityDevelopment of criteria for rehabilitation of contaminated cites and national programme on rehabilitation of some oil-contaminated landsNational plan developed to address creation of new waste landfills sieve disposal, recycling of waste introduction of methods to generate biogas from municipal waste.Gaps to be further addressed Plans and strategies are in place but not in effect implemented because of beuroctratic procedures and lack of financing the sector.Water level and Coastline of the Caspian SeaCaspian Sea is unique closed water basin, plays the authorised role in the nerve of the modality in the region, and has rich stocks of rare lovelys of fishes, energy-carriers and large potential for developmen t of sea transport. Disturbing the ecological condition of Caspian sea, caused by its pollution by industrial, agricultural and municipal wastes, offshore and coastal production of oil and gas, transportation system company and other circumstances, have caused degradation its biodiversity, exhaust of fish resources, have increased fluctuations of the sea level, that has resulted to have fires of inhabited files and industrial infrastructures. The ecological problems of Caspian Sea can be divided into 3 types Chemical pollution by the running rivers Ecological problems, connected to the rise of the level of water offshore oil industry.The variation of the Caspian Sea water level is a stern specific problem for the country that brings to economic, ecological, and social challenges. During 1927-1977, the surface area of the sea decreased from 425,000 km2 to 370,000 km2, which led to increasing development of the coastal ( Sea side, walking area called Bakinskiy Bulvar)territories and the construction of coast-protecting dams, channels, and roads, based on forecasts of further decreases in sea level. A reversal began in 1978 and during 1978- 1995, Caspian sea level rose by 2.3 m to -26.5 m. The new rise has caused extreme erosion of coastal areas, end of construction and engineering facilities, and inundation of vast areas. Scientists predict a further increase in sea level of 1.5-2.5 m by 2010 however the Government is not taking action to mitigate the consequences of sea level variation. In this regard, the most severe environmental effects of the rise in the Caspian water level are associated with secondary pollution of the sea from oil fields and possibly some industrial plants, either through direct flooding or rise in groundwater levels.Health Effects of environmental conditionsNumbers of studies show the link between hazProtecting the Environment pull through Water, Save Our LifeProtecting the Environment Save Water, Save Our LifeThe world is getting thi rstier, today, nearly 1 billion people in the developing world do not have access to white-hot, safe drinking water. 97.5 percent of the earths water is saltwater and undrinkable, less than 1 percent of fresh water is usable, amounting to 0.01 percent of the earths total water. These astonishing statistics shock me that the clean water we drink each day is hard-won. Water is limited natural resources, also it is the most important thing to all living. If we do not conserve, recycle, and more efficiently use water, our environment would have serious ecological consequences, such as climate change. Water crisis had become the most pressing environment issue, terrible in some countries like Africa. It may not obviously affect Americans daily life, but it would be too late to designate about the solutions if the same problem coming to us.Polluted water would profane the ecological environment. For instance, recently, a Chinese mine spilt into the river, causing animals to die and m odify thelocal villages. Polluted water from a Chinese mine site in a Tibetan-populated area in western Chinas Sichuan province has spilt into a nearby river, killing large numbers of fish and livestock own by villagers, according to sources in the region (States News Service). In this news, mining activities are a lack of government regulation. The similar thing happened to Tibetan villagers in 2011, local people were legal to protest against environmental desolation and complaints to Chinese authorities yielded no results then, either. Chinese-operated mines not just pollute the drinking water also had caused severe damage to local forests and grasslands. We should perceive problem severity of water pollution in our global village.Moreover, the mismanagement mining or industrials not only issue in ecological environment damage but also waste an enormous amount of bills and time for clean up the unsafe water. We will see a doctor and take medicine when we get sick, generally mos t of the diseases are under our control in short time water is not alike human body, you might cannot see it from unsafe become clean drinking in your lifetime because water treatment takes over 100 years to recover the polluted water. Computer projections in the environmental encroachment statement say that either active or passive water treatment will be needed for 200 years for the mine site, and up to cholecalciferol years for the metallurgical site. The document says water treatment would cost between $3.5 and $6 million per year after the mine closes (Star Tribune). The reporter establishes that water treatment for mine and the metallurgical site will cost a lot of years and notes. What if no one wants to overleap money for the long-term water treatment? The answer is simple Finally, the victims will be animals, plants, and us.According to Maude Barlows article, millions of people live in countries that cannot provide clean water to their citizens, because they are burdene d by their debt to the global North. More children die each year of water-borne disease than war, HIV/AIDS and traffic accidents combined. At least 62 countries need deep debt relief if the daily deaths of thousands of children are to end ( orbiculate Issue 217). Barlow indicates that people in poor countries have not adequate water and exploit their resources to pay their debt. Barlow argues that water is common and public that everyone can access, no one owns it but it does not mean that we can waste water and wanton destruction the ecosystem. In my opinion, water does free to everybody, but actuality we pay for water fee for our family every month. I think this is one of the best ways to tell people to save water. However, we should help the poor countries which cannot provide clean water to people because of fiscal problem.Today, water is wasted through abuse, inefficiency, leakage, evaporation, and allocation of pure water to tasks that do not need it. The global water crisis getting worse by the day and threatening millions of more people every year, therefore, water protection strategies are needs urgently. In article Water of Life, Postel point out a question that why are the greater amounts of money and sophisticated engineering have not solved the worlds water problem? We have been trying to meet insatiable demands by continuously embroidering a finite water supply (Global Issue 225). Postel emphasises that human demand too much water which is limited and unable expand resources. Postel provided some suggest for protect, recycle, and how efficiently use water can contain peoples water demands and avoid or delay an ecological reckoning. tried-and-true measures as thrifty irrigation techniques, water-saving plumbing fixtures, native landscaping, and wastewater recycling can cost-effectively reduce the amount of water required to grow food, produce material goods and meet household needs (Global Issue 225). The author suggestions are convert because e ach example she lists are improvable base on the technology today. Another example of wasting water is every people doing every day, which is using pure water to flushing the toilet. I suggest people use dish water or the water after wash vegetables to flushing. This is kind of use up the water by the second time, better than use pure water.In my perspective, to dealing with the global water crisis, we must leave sufficient water in rivers and lakes for ensuring their ecological health. The priority project we should do that is put investment to develop the infrastructure which can turn rain and stormwater harvesting, recycling, alternative energy use. In addition, only the protective measures of water are not enough, so we should create a new law to say human behaviours in order to protect the environment. As Martin Luther King said, the law may not change the heart but it will ensnare the heartless. It is difficult or takes long-term to change human daily habits, but a law with punishments can at least restrict or let human perceive what is right and wrong.Wherever we are, we need water to survive. Not just because sixty percent of the human body is water, also fundamental for the production of food, clothing, and cars etc. Pollute water threatens our body and the next generation health problem. None of us can live on a dry planet, we are responsible for keeping the environment healthy, and make sure every person have clean and safe drinking water.Source CitationCHINESE MINE SPILL KILLS ANIMALS, POLLUTES WATER IN TIBETAN AREA. States News Service 18 Oct. 2013. General OneFile. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.Johnson, June. Global Issues, Local Arguments Readings for Writing. N.p. Pearson Education, n.d. Print.Iron Range mine could pollute water for 500 years StateAEs first copper-nickel mine would require billions of dollars in long-term cleanup, regulators say. Star Tribune Minneapolis, MN 5 Oct. 2013 1A. General OneFile. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.